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來源描述：	<p style="margin:0px 8px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;letter-spacing:0.544px;white-space:normal;widows:1;font-size:16px;color:#3E3E3E;font-family:微軟雅黑;text-align:center;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box !important;"> <span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:#FFFFFF;background-color:#A30911;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:14px;font-family:SimHei;"> 05 </span> </p> <p style="margin:0px 8px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;letter-spacing:0.544px;white-space:normal;widows:1;font-size:16px;color:#3E3E3E;font-family:微軟雅黑;text-align:center;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box !important;"> <span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:#3F3F3F;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:14px;font-family:SimHei;"><strong style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;">孩子道德情感發(fā)展的轉(zhuǎn)折期</strong></span> </p> <p style="margin:0px 8px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;letter-spacing:0.544px;white-space:normal;widows:1;font-size:16px;color:#3E3E3E;font-family:微軟雅黑;text-align:center;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box !important;"> <span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:#3F3F3F;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:14px;font-family:SimHei;"><strong style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;">培養(yǎng)孩子的優(yōu)良品德和社會評價能力</strong></span> </p> <p style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;widows:1;font-size:16px;color:#3E3E3E;font-family:微軟雅黑;line-height:25.6px;box-sizing:border-box !important;"> <span style="font-size:14px;font-family:SimHei;"></span> </p> <p style="margin:0px 8px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;widows:1;font-size:16px;color:#3E3E3E;font-family:微軟雅黑;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box !important;"> <span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;color:#3F3F3F;"><span style="font-size:14px;font-family:SimHei;">與小時候相比，到了四、五年級，孩子的道德情感表現(xiàn)出以下兩方面的差異：</span><br data-filtered="filtered" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;" /> </span> </p> <p style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;widows:1;font-size:16px;color:#3E3E3E;font-family:微軟雅黑;line-height:25.6px;box-sizing:border-box !important;"> <br /> </p> <blockquote style="margin:1em 0px;padding:4px 0px 0px 10px;border-left:3px solid #DBDBDB;color:#3E3E3E;font-size:16px;max-width:100%;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;widows:1;font-family:微軟雅黑;line-height:25.6px;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;"> <p style="margin:0px 8px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box !important;"> <span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;font-size:14px;color:#888888;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;font-family:SimHei;">1、在道德認(rèn)識方面，由具體、膚淺的認(rèn)識，向本質(zhì)的認(rèn)識過渡。</span> </p> <p style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;box-sizing:border-box !important;"> <br /> </p> <p style="margin:0px 8px;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-left:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box !important;"> <span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;font-size:14px;color:#888888;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;font-family:SimHei;">2、在道德評價方面，由只注意行為的效果，向全面地考慮動機(jī)和效果的統(tǒng)一過渡。</span> </p> </blockquote> <p style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;widows:1;font-size:16px;color:#3E3E3E;font-family:微軟雅黑;line-height:25.6px;box-sizing:border-box !important;"> <br /> </p> <p style="margin:0px 8px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;widows:1;font-size:16px;color:#3E3E3E;font-family:微軟雅黑;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box !important;"> <span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:#3F3F3F;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:14px;font-family:SimHei;"><strong style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;">● 方法一：克服德育教育中的心理偏差</strong></span> </p> <p style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;widows:1;font-size:16px;color:#3E3E3E;font-family:微軟雅黑;line-height:25.6px;box-sizing:border-box !important;"> <br /> </p> <p style="margin:0px 8px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;widows:1;font-size:16px;color:#3E3E3E;font-family:微軟雅黑;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box !important;"> <span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;color:#3F3F3F;"><strong style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="font-size:14px;font-family:SimHei;">1、預(yù)防定勢效應(yīng)</span></strong><br data-filtered="filtered" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;" /> <br data-filtered="filtered" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;" /> <span style="font-size:14px;font-family:SimHei;">定勢效應(yīng)是指，家長對孩子產(chǎn)生了某種固定的看法，對孩子的評價總受這種固定看法的影響。家長要時刻提醒自己，用發(fā)展的觀點看待孩子的行為。</span><br data-filtered="filtered" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;" /> </span> </p> <p style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;widows:1;font-size:16px;color:#3E3E3E;font-family:微軟雅黑;line-height:25.6px;box-sizing:border-box !important;"> <br /> </p> <p style="margin:0px 8px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;widows:1;font-size:16px;color:#3E3E3E;font-family:微軟雅黑;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box !important;"> <span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:#3F3F3F;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:14px;font-family:SimHei;"><strong style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;">2、克服光環(huán)效應(yīng)</strong></span> </p> <p style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;widows:1;font-size:16px;color:#3E3E3E;font-family:微軟雅黑;line-height:25.6px;box-sizing:border-box !important;"> <br /> </p> <p style="margin:0px 8px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;widows:1;font-size:16px;color:#3E3E3E;font-family:微軟雅黑;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box !important;"> <span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;color:#3F3F3F;"><span style="font-size:14px;font-family:SimHei;">光環(huán)效應(yīng)，就是以偏概全的意思。也就是說，由于孩子出現(xiàn)了某些缺點，就彌蓋了孩子所有的優(yōu)點，認(rèn)為孩子“一無是處”；由于孩子有了某項優(yōu)點，就彌蓋了孩子所有的缺點，認(rèn)為孩子“一切都好”。</span><br data-filtered="filtered" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;" /> <br data-filtered="filtered" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;" /> <span style="font-size:14px;font-family:SimHei;">如果家長總是戴著“有色眼鏡”看孩子，總是誤解孩子，孩子就會變得十分叛逆。</span><br data-filtered="filtered" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;" /> </span> </p> <p style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;widows:1;font-size:16px;color:#3E3E3E;font-family:微軟雅黑;line-height:25.6px;box-sizing:border-box !important;"> <br /> </p> <p style="margin:0px 8px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;widows:1;font-size:16px;color:#3E3E3E;font-family:微軟雅黑;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box !important;"> <span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;color:#3F3F3F;"><span style="font-size:14px;font-family:SimHei;">●</span><strong style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="font-size:14px;font-family:SimHei;"> 方法二：杜絕打罵，給孩子更多的尊重和理解</span></strong></span> </p> <p style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;font-family:-apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;box-sizing:border-box !important;"> <br /> </p> <p style="margin:0px 8px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;widows:1;font-size:16px;color:#3E3E3E;font-family:微軟雅黑;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box !important;"> <span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;color:#3F3F3F;"><span style="font-size:14px;font-family:SimHei;">在孩子小的時候，父母們偶爾打一打孩子，可能會震住孩子，起到快速教育孩子的效果。過后，父母再找個機(jī)會告訴孩子“爸爸媽媽是愛你的”，也許很快就能贏得孩子的信任和愛。但是，當(dāng)孩子</span><strong style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="font-size:14px;font-family:SimHei;">到了四、五年級，孩子的自我意識已經(jīng)崛起，父母再打罵孩子，孩子就要記仇了</span></strong><span style="font-size:14px;font-family:SimHei;">，</span><strong style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="font-size:14px;font-family:SimHei;">并且還會產(chǎn)生逆反心理，促使不良道德行為越來越多。</span></strong><br data-filtered="filtered" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;" /> <br data-filtered="filtered" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;" /> <span style="font-size:14px;font-family:SimHei;">從道德情感方面來講，父母的粗暴會使他們越來越叛逆，道德水平越來越糟糕；而父母的理解和尊重則會使孩子愿意與父母溝通，從而使孩子的道德水平朝著父母期望的方向發(fā)展。</span><br data-filtered="filtered" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;" /> </span> </p> <p style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;widows:1;font-size:16px;color:#3E3E3E;font-family:微軟雅黑;line-height:25.6px;box-sizing:border-box !important;"> <br /> </p> <p style="margin:0px 8px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;widows:1;font-size:16px;color:#3E3E3E;font-family:微軟雅黑;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box !important;"> <span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;color:#3F3F3F;"><span style="font-size:14px;font-family:SimHei;">● </span><strong style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="font-size:14px;font-family:SimHei;">方法三：在孩子的行動問題上下工夫</span></strong></span> </p> <p style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;font-family:-apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;box-sizing:border-box !important;"> <br /> </p> <p style="margin:0px 8px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;widows:1;font-size:16px;color:#3E3E3E;font-family:微軟雅黑;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box !important;"> <span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;color:#3F3F3F;"><span style="font-size:14px;font-family:SimHei;">一般來講，四、五年級的孩子已經(jīng)具備了一定的道德認(rèn)知能力，他們可以通過一定的道德原則分析和評價自己和他人的行為，開始具有一定的意志力來控制自己的沖動，并懂得基于一定的道德原則來約束自己的行為。但是，孩子還是孩子，他們在思想上懂得這些大道理，但他們的行動卻往往會跟不上。所以，</span><strong style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="font-size:14px;font-family:SimHei;">父母對孩子的道德教育一定要做到道德認(rèn)知教育和行為教育的結(jié)合，</span></strong><span style="font-size:14px;font-family:SimHei;">尤其要注重孩子的道德行為教育，</span><strong style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="font-size:14px;font-family:SimHei;">讓孩子努力做到言行一致。</span></strong><br data-filtered="filtered" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;" /> <br data-filtered="filtered" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;" /> <span style="font-size:14px;font-family:SimHei;">孩子在道德品質(zhì)方面出現(xiàn)言行不一致是很正常的現(xiàn)象，所以在這個時候，他需要父母的耐心引導(dǎo)，而不是責(zé)怪和批評。</span><br data-filtered="filtered" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;" /> </span> </p> <p style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;widows:1;font-size:16px;color:#3E3E3E;font-family:微軟雅黑;line-height:25.6px;box-sizing:border-box !important;"> <br /> </p> <p style="margin:0px 8px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;widows:1;font-size:16px;color:#3E3E3E;font-family:微軟雅黑;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box !important;"> <span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;color:#3F3F3F;"><span style="font-size:14px;font-family:SimHei;">● </span><strong style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="font-size:14px;font-family:SimHei;">方法四：利用潛移默化的暗示法</span></strong></span> </p> <p style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;font-family:-apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;box-sizing:border-box !important;"> <br /> </p> <p style="margin:0px 8px;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-left:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;widows:1;font-size:16px;color:#3E3E3E;font-family:微軟雅黑;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box !important;"> <span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;color:#3F3F3F;"><span style="font-size:14px;font-family:SimHei;">一位教育學(xué)家曾說過：任何一種教育現(xiàn)象，孩子在其中越少感覺到教育者的意圖，他的教育效果就越大。</span><br data-filtered="filtered" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;" /> <br data-filtered="filtered" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;" /> <span style="font-size:14px;font-family:SimHei;">任何一個孩子都不喜歡處于受教育、受管制的地位。</span><strong style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="font-size:14px;font-family:SimHei;">到了四、五年級，孩子的自我意識已經(jīng)開始崛起，</span></strong><span style="font-size:14px;font-family:SimHei;">他們的自尊心也在一點點增強(qiáng)，這個時侯，暗示教育法最容易讓孩子接受。</span><br data-filtered="filtered" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;" /> <br data-filtered="filtered" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;" /> <span style="font-size:14px;font-family:SimHei;">暗示教育法，能夠滿足四年級的孩子日益強(qiáng)烈的自尊心；能夠滿足四、五年級孩子不斷發(fā)展的自我意識；能夠使孩子感覺到平等、感覺到尊重，從而以輕松、愉快的心情去克服自己的缺點，以快樂的心情去與父母合作。</span></span> </p>

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